Abstract
This paper introduces a cellular automaton design of intersections and defines rules to model traffic flow through them, so that urban traffic can be simulated. The model is able to simulate an intersection of up to four streets crossing. Each street can have a variable number of lanes. Furthermore, each lane can serve multiple purposes at the same time, like allowing vehicles to keep going straight or turn left and/or right. The model also allows the simulation of intersections with or without traffic lights and slip lanes. A comparison to multiple empirical intersection traffic data shows that the model is able to realistically reproduce traffic flow through an intersection. In particular, car following times in free flow and the required time value for drivers that turn within the intersection or go straight through it are reproduced. At the same time, important empirical jam characteristics are retained.
Highlights
Vehicular traffic in urban networks is known to be more complex than highway traffic because of additional influences like traffic lights, stopped vehicles, pedestrians or other influences [1,2,3]
This paper aims to adapt the Lee-model to urban traffic, in order to create an urban city model with a realistic car following times and possible synchronized traffic flow
This paper proposes a model to simulate the behaviour of drivers before and through an intersection in accordance with empirical data while incorporating realistic car following times tB, jam propagation velocity vjam, and traffic outflow from a jam Fout
Summary
Vehicular traffic in urban networks is known to be more complex than highway traffic because of additional influences like traffic lights, stopped vehicles, pedestrians or other influences [1,2,3]. A more complex simulation of intersections was presented in [15] or [16] which are able to reproduce traffic on multiple lanes where agents can turn or go straight The downside to both models is the use of unrealistic high (infinitive) braking capacities and turning conflict resolving through ”first come first serve” or the introduction of virtual impingements between the conflict cells. To adapt the Lee-model for urban traffic and to incorporate multiple lanes in front of an intersection — with possible multiple purposes—, a new intersection design is to be presented and additional rules are implemented To this end, first, we introduce the Lee-model and the modification made by Pottmeier are explained in the following Sec. 2.
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