Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Euryale ferox seed extracts (Efse-EA) on melanogenesis in immortalized mouse melanocyte cell line, melan-a. Efse-EA showed strong dose-dependent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Treatment of melan-a cells with 30 μg/mL Efse-EA produced strong inhibition of cellular tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. Efse-EA significantly reduced the levels of melanogenesis-related proteins, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Because Efse-EA treatment reduced tyrosinase protein levels without changing its mRNA expression, we investigated whether this decrease was related to proteasomal or lysosomal degradation of tyrosinase. We found that chloroquine, a lysosomal proteolysis inhibitor, almost completely abolished both the down-regulation of tyrosinase and the inhibition of melanin synthesis induced by Efse-EA. These results suggested that Efse-EA may contribute to the inhibition of melanogenesis by altering lysosomal degradation of tyrosinase, and that this extract may provide a new cosmetic skin-whitening agent.
Highlights
Euryale ferox Salisb., a large aquatic plant, is the only species of the Euryale genera and Nymphaeaceae family that is native to India, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, and China [1]
We investigated the effects of this E. ferox seed ethyl acetate fraction (Efse-EA) on the mechanisms involved in melanin biosynthesis
Euryale ferox seed extracts (Efse-EA) caused a concentration-dependent increase in ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values from 20-fold to 820-fold (Table 1)
Summary
Euryale ferox Salisb., a large aquatic plant, is the only species of the Euryale genera and Nymphaeaceae family that is native to India, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, and China [1]. E. ferox seeds have been used to treat chronic diarrhea, leukorrhea, polydipsia, renal disease, ischemic heart disease, and mouth dryness [2,3,4]. Previous studies indicated that E. ferox seeds contained tannins, tocopherol polymers, fucosterol, resorcinol, pyrogallol, cyclic dipeptides, glucosylsterols, cerebrosides, and polyphenols [5,6,7,8]. E. ferox seed extracts have shown significant antioxidant activity, effects on cell-mediated immunity, neuroprotective effects, and cardioprotective properties, including the prevention of myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury [3,9,10]. The seed coat of E. ferox has shown significant antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities in vivo [11]. There are no previous reports of the effects of E. ferox seed extracts on the mechanisms involved in melanogenesis
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