Abstract
AbstractDiversity is observed in the wave of global aging, as aging is a complex biological process exhibiting individual variability. To assess aging physiologically, markers for biological aging is required in addition to the calendar age. The discovery of replicative senescence by Hayflick developed into telomere research, while stress-induced senescence (SIS) is known as a telomere-independent event. SIS serves as physiological barrier to oncogenesis in vivo, while it activates senescence-associated secretary phenotype (SASP), inducing chronic inflammation. Thus, beside telomere length, p16, p53, and inflammatory cytokines have been utilized as biomarkers for cellular senescence. From a metabolic perspective, the aging hypothesis includes the mitochondrial and the calorie restriction (CR) hypothesis. However, little is known whether CR is applicable to human longevity, as human aging is greatly affected by a variety of factors. Comprehensive analysis of the human blood metabolome captures complex changes with individual difference, detecting metabolites for aging or aging-relevant conditions. These information are valuable for future clinical applications in diseases relevant to aging.KeywordsTelomereStress-induced senescenceSASPMetabolitesFrailtyFastingAntioxidant
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