Abstract
BackgroundRecent studies indicate that mural cells of the preglomerular vessels, known as cells of renin lineage (CoRL), contribute to repair and regeneration of injured kidney glomeruli. However, their potential roles in tubulointerstitial disease are less understood. The aim of this study was to better understand CoRL number and distribution following UUO so that future mechanistic studies could be undertaken.MethodsWe mapped the fate of CoRL in adult Ren1cCreER x Rs-tdTomato-R reporter mice that underwent UUO. Kidney biopsies from sham and UUO-subjected mice on days 3, 7, and 14 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn sham animals, CoRL were restricted to juxtaglomerular location. At day 7 following UUO, CoRL increased two-fold, were perivascular in location, and co-expressed pericyte markers (PDGFßR, NG2), but did not express renin. At day 14 post UUO, labeled CoRL detached from vessels and were present in the interstitium, in areas of fibrosis, where they now expressed the myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin. The increase in CoRL was likely due to proliferation as marked by BrdU labeling, and migration from the cortex. Following UUO starting from day 3, active hypoxia inducible factor-2α was detected in nuclei in labeled CoRL, in the cortex, but not those cells found in medulla.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that arteriolar CoRL are potential kidney progenitors that may contribute to the initial vascular regeneration. However, in chronic kidney injury (≥14 days post UUO), perivascular CoRL transition to myofibroblast-like cells.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-015-0216-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Recent studies indicate that mural cells of the preglomerular vessels, known as cells of renin lineage (CoRL), contribute to repair and regeneration of injured kidney glomeruli
The consequences of pericyte detachment include that endothelial cells are deprived of survival factors [5], vascular tubes become unstable and more permeable leading to microvascular rarefaction [6], and migrating perivascular cells can dedifferentiate into myofibroblasts, thereby becoming a source of collagen [7, 8]
We demonstrated that following ureteral obstruction (UUO), the number of medullary cells of renin lineage (CoRL) number increases due to cell proliferation and migration
Summary
Recent studies indicate that mural cells of the preglomerular vessels, known as cells of renin lineage (CoRL), contribute to repair and regeneration of injured kidney glomeruli. Their potential roles in tubulointerstitial disease are less understood. The resultant tubulointerstitial fibrosis in UUO is multi-factorial, including interstitial macrophages producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, tubular cells undergoing apoptosis, and resident renal cells transitioning to collagen-producing cells [1]. The consequences of pericyte detachment include that endothelial cells are deprived of survival factors [5], vascular tubes become unstable and more permeable leading to microvascular rarefaction [6], and migrating perivascular cells can dedifferentiate into myofibroblasts, thereby becoming a source of collagen [7, 8]
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