Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found a positive association between coffee consumption and a lower risk of cardiovascular disorders, some cancers, diabetes, Parkinson and Alzheimer disease. Coffee consumption, however, has also been linked to an increased risk of developing some types of cancer, including bladder cancer in adults and leukemia in children of mothers who drink coffee during pregnancy. Since cancer is driven by the accumulation of DNA alterations, the ability of the coffee constituent caffeic acid to induce DNA damage in cells may play a role in the carcinogenic potential of this beverage. This carcinogenic potential may be exacerbated in cells with DNA repair defects. People with the genetic disease Fanconi Anemia have DNA repair deficiencies and are predisposed to several cancers, particularly acute myeloid leukemia. Defects in the DNA repair protein Fanconi Anemia D2 (FANCD2) also play an important role in the development of a variety of cancers (e.g., bladder cancer) in people without this genetic disease. This communication shows that cells deficient in FANCD2 are hypersensitive to the cytotoxicity (clonogenic assay) and DNA damage (γ-H2AX and 53BP1 focus assay) induced by caffeic acid and by a commercial lyophilized coffee extract. These data suggest that people with Fanconi Anemia, or healthy people who develop sporadic mutations in FANCD2, may be hypersensitive to the carcinogenic activity of coffee.
Highlights
Coffee, one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, can affect human health.Observational studies suggest that coffee consumption may lower the risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, cirrhosis, and degenerative disorders such as Parkinson and Alzheimer disease [1,2]
We report that human cells deficient in Fanconi Anemia D2 (FANCD2) are hypersensitive to the cytotoxicity and DNA damage (γ-H2AX and 53BP1 focus assay) induced by caffeic acid and by a commercial lyophilized coffee extract, and discuss the possible relevance of these results
Cells lacking the Fanconi anemia (FA) protein FANCD2 (PD20 ́/ ́) and cells complemented with FANCD2 (PD20+/+) were exposed for 4 h to caffeic acid and to a commercial lyophilized coffee extract
Summary
Observational studies suggest that coffee consumption may lower the risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, cirrhosis, and degenerative disorders such as Parkinson and Alzheimer disease [1,2]. Coffee consumption has been associated with a decreased risk of total mortality; coffee drinkers had a lower risk of death from heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, pneumonia and influenza, and intentional self-harm [3]. No significant association between coffee consumption and total cancer mortality was found, [3]. The effect of coffee consumption on the risk of cancer is inconclusive; some studies indicate that coffee may reduce the risk of some types of cancers [4,5,6], while others suggest that it may increase the risk of developing the disease [6,7].
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