β-Cell plasticity

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to present the current trends and methodologies in the preservation of the β-cell function by targeting the β-cell mass. Data sources: Medical text books and also the ScienceDirect database were searched from the start date of the database and a search was performed on January 2014 with no language restrictions. Data selection: The selected articles are systematic reviews and experimental studies that address the β-cell plasticity and the β-cell mass and plasticity. Data extraction: Extraction was performed according to the quality, validity, and originality of the selected reviews and studies that fulfilled the previous criteria; in addition, the main focus was on studies that presented the latest or the most updated findings on the prevention and treatment of the β-cell failure. Data synthesis: Each review and study were reviewed independently without intercomparisons. The layout was selected to present a wide range of data including the most recent findings on the subject. Recent findings: Most recent studies concluded that the successful management of the growing epidemic of type-2 diabetes involves stopping the progressive loss of the β-cell mass and/or function before diabetes develops. Conclusion: The main conclusion of the studies and reviews that were presented in the current research paper is that the preservation of a functional β-cell mass is the means to prevent diabetes. β-Cell plasticity is the ability of β-cells to adjust to the body's demand for insulin. Preservation of β-cell plasticity will preserve a functional β-cell mass. Once there is a functional β-cell mass diabetes cannot develop; in addition, a proper diet alone might be able to restore a good environment for the β-cell to function properly and preserve its mass, and many new strategies and approaches are being investigated for this purpose.