Abstract
Due to the recent demand for high-throughput cellular assays, a lot of efforts have been made on miniaturization of cell-based biosensors by preparing cell microarrays. Various microfabrication technologies have been used to generate cell microarrays, where cells of different phenotypes are immobilized either on a flat substrate (positional array) or on particles (solution or suspension array) to achieve multiplexed and high-throughput cell-based biosensing. After introducing the fabrication methods for preparation of the positional and suspension cell microarrays, this review discusses the applications of the cell microarray including toxicology, drug discovery and detection of toxic agents.
Highlights
A biosensor is a bioanalytical device or system in which biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and whole cells are used as the recognition elements
Cell-based biosensors constitute a promising field that has numerous applications ranging from pharmaceutical screening to detection of pathogens andthat toxins
Cell-based biosensors constitute a promising field hasThe numerous applications ranging cell-based biosensors continue to spur the development of cell microarrays
Summary
A biosensor is a bioanalytical device or system in which biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins (enzymes or antibodies), and whole cells are used as the recognition elements. In thisin represent thegroups use of such photoreactive such as phenyl azide and benzophenone as shown method, a substrate covered witha photoreactive molecules with cell-adhesion proteins. The final method is the use of photo-crosslinkable hydrogel micropatterns based on the factnonthat hydrogels are generally non-adhesive to proteins and cells [25,26]. 2 )n X, the studies on the cell and protein patterning using μ-CP have involved the use of alkanethiols, which chemisorb on metal surfaces such as gold, and form self-assembly monolayers (SAMs). Cell adhesive protein patterns firstly created on adhesive surfaces by introducing cellular micropatterns on the variouswere substrates. After created on surfaces by introducing cell-adhesion proteins such as fibronectin andremoval collagenofinto the molds, patterned substrates are seeded with cells so that the cells adhere only to the patterned microchannels [46,47]. With permission from [62])
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