Cell membrane and extracellular vesicle membrane‐coated nanoparticles: An envisaged approach for the management of skin conditions

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AbstractCell membrane‐coated biomimetic nanosystems have been recognized as promising drug delivery vehicles in recent years for the management of diverse skin conditions. Nanoparticles (NPs) coated with biomembranes, derived from either cell membranes or subcellular structures (e.g., extracellular vesicles), offer an opportunity to combine the biological interfacial characteristics of the coating alongside with the internal core component at the nanoscale. The biomimetic coating enhances the biocompatibility of NPs and their interaction with the skin, improving skin affinity, contact, and retention. This coating also enables the controlled release of drugs and provides skin‐targeting capabilities, which collectively improve the effectiveness, safety, and stability of topical and transdermal formulations. In this context, the current review delves into the recent progress in using biomimetic NPs for skin therapeutics. Specifically, it examines the various types of coatings, including their origins, heterogeneous functions, and surface molecular repertoires, in great detail. Additionally, this review presents the methods of preparing and characterizing biomimetic‐coated NPs. Furthermore, the potential of bioinspired NPs in treating a range of skin‐related conditions has been meticulously explored. Last, the toxicological aspects of these NPs have been thoroughly examined to provide a thorough summary of the evolution of biomimetic‐coated nanosystems for skin applications.