Abstract
All intracellular evade non-oxidative pathogens must successfully killing within cells. The major non-oxidative microbicidal mechanism within nucleated cells is the lysosome. Since cellular lysosomes contain high concentrations of degradative enzymes and a pH of 4.5-5.0, organisms must circumvent these potentially destructive components. Three general strategies are described (reviewed in Hall and Joiner, 1991) by which intracellular pathogens evade destruction by lysosomal contents: 1) Residence within an intracellular vacuole which does not fuse with lysosomes ; 2) breakdown of the vacuolar membrane after cell entry and residence in the cytoplasm ; or 3) residence within phagolysosomes. Although the distinctions between these strategies are becoming progressively blurred as studies are reported on mechanisms for these events, they remain a useful paradigm for discussing intracellular parasitism.
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