Cell Division Gene from Bacteria in Minicell Production for Therapy

Abstract

Drug resistance is one of our biggest problems in terms of cancer therapy. Chemotherapeutic drug therapy in cancer is seriously hampered by severe toxicity primarily due to indiscriminate drug distribution and consequent collateral damage to normal cells. Therefore, the cancer treatment requires the combination with pharmaceutical science, cell biology, chemistry, electronics, materials, science and technology to improve the cancer therapy development. The results of genome sequencing and studies of biological– genetic function (functional genomics) are combined with chemical, microelectronic and micro system technologies to produce medical devices, known as diagnostic ‘Biochips’. The multitude of biologically active molecules is expanded by additional novel structures created with newly arranged ‘gene clusters’ and (bio-) catalytic chemical processes. With the nanotechnology involving the ability to arrange molecules and atoms into molecular structures, the drug development in cancer treatment is also limitted. The application of micro-machining techniques is growing rapidly and has applications in microfluidics (for labs-on-a-chip), in sensors as well as in fiber optics and displays. Nowsaday, direct-write technologies are of increasing importance in materials processing. Building the structures are made directly without the use of masks, allowing rapid prototyping. The techniques comprise plasma spray, laser particle guidance, matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation, laser chemical vapor deposition, micro-pen, ink jet, e-beam, focused ion beam and several droplet micro-dispensing methods. Micrometer-scale patterns of viable cells are required for the next generation of tissue engineering, fabrication of cell-based microfluidicbiosensor arrays, and selective separation and culturing of microorganisms. The patterns of viable Escherichia coli bacteria have been transferred onto various substrates with laser-based forward transfer technique. These tools can be used to create three-dimensional mesoscopically engineered structures of living cells, proteins, DNA strands and antibodies and two cofabricate electronic devices on the same substrate to generate cell-based biosensors and bioelectronic interfaces and implants. Discrete nanoparticles with controlled chemical composition and size distribution are readily synthesized using reverse micelles and microemulsions as confined reaction media, but their assembly into well-defined superstructures amenable to practical use remains a difficult and demanding task. This usually requires the initial synthesis of spherical nanoparticles, followed by further processing such as solvent evaporation, molecular crosslinking or template patterning. The