Cell cycle suspension: A novel process lurking in G2 arrest

Abstract

Cell cycle checkpoint is a self-protective mechanism for cells to monitor genome integrity and ensure the high-fidelity transmission of genetic information to daughter cells. Insufficient function of cell cycle checkpoints has been demonstrated to partially account for tumor initiation, promotion and progression. In the ten melanoma cell lines that we tested in preliminary experiments, two human uveal melanoma cell lines, 92-1 and OCM-1, were found to be significantly different in terms of radiosensitivity but similar in DNA repair ability. Evident G2 arrest was induced in both cell types and the maximum was reached at 16 h after irradiation regardless of X-rays or high-LET carbon beams. OCM-1 cells overrode the G2 arrest and reentered the cell cycle right after reaching the maximum, whereas 92-1 could not. Upon 10 Gy of radiation, the cell cycle of 92-1 was suspended and remained unchanged for up to 5 d. The cell cycle suspension is a unique process lurking in G2 arrest and related to cellular radiosensitivity. Its induction is dose-dependent and there is a dose threshold for it. The degradation of Cyclin B1 has been found related to the cell cycle suspension though, the mechanism of cell cycle suspension is still under investigation. Basing on our knowledge, this is the first report on cell cycle suspension and we present here a de novo mechanism to cellular radiosensitivity. Further clarification of the mechanism underlying cell cycle suspension is believed to be of significance in tumor radiosensitization or even direct tumor control.