Cell Cycle Arrest and Induction of Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells (T-47D) by Annona squamosa L. and Thymus vulgaris L. Ethanolic Extract

Abstract

Annona squamosa L. is belongs to the Annonaceae family. Similarly, Thymus vulgaris L. is a flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae. In this study, Annona squamosa L. seeds ethanolic extract (ASEE) and Thymus vulgaris ethanolic extract (TVEE) were prepared and used against the breast cancer cells. The Breast cancer cells (T-47D) death was analysed by Vybrant® MTT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit. The IC50 of the ASEE was found to be 8.72 ± 0.52 μg/ml. The IC50 of the TVEE was found 7.30 ± 0.6 μg/ml. Membrane marker proteins of apoptotic cells were analysed by Attune flow cytometer. The cell cycle assay was quantified in ASEE and TVEE treated and untreated cells. The ASEE or TVEE treated T-47D cells were found green in color due to the binding of annexin v-FITC to phosphatidylserine (PS) on the membranes of apoptotic cells. This was supported by the upregulated p53 and 14-03-03 sigma expression in cells treated with the ASEE or TVEE. This indicates the inhibition of the sequestring CDK1 in the cytoplasm and inhibition of cell cycle at G2/M phase. The Annona squamosa L. ethanolic extract (ASEE) and Thymus vulgaris L. ethanolic extract (TVEE) were found effective against Breast cancer cells (T-47D).