Abstract
The development of new high-tech systems for screening anticancer drugs is one of the main problems of preclinical screening. Poor correlation between preclinical in vitro and in vivo data with clinical trials remains a major concern. The choice of the correct tumor model at the stage of in vitro testing provides reduction in both financial and time costs during later stages due to the timely screening of ineffective agents. In view of the growing incidence of oncology, increasing the pace of the creation, development and testing of new antitumor agents, the improvement and expansion of new high-tech systems for preclinical in vitro screening is becoming very important. The pharmaceutical industry presently relies on several widely used in vitro models, including two-dimensional models, three-dimensional models, microfluidic systems, Boyden’s chamber and models created using 3D bioprinting. This review outlines and describes these tumor models including their use in research, in addition to their characteristics. This review therefore gives an insight into in vitro based testing which is of interest to researchers and clinicians from differing fields including pharmacy, preclinical studies and cell biology.
Highlights
The number of patients diagnosed with cancer is increasing worldwide and one of the most important challenges remains the development of effective, safe and economically viable antitumor drugs
Despite the ease of use of the Boyden chamber, researchers are increasingly turning to more advanced systems that take into account a greater number of tumor microenvironment (TME) conditions, in particular, microfluidic systems
New methods were developed for culturing cells using the extracellular matrix (ECM) to model spatial organization, as well as adding various types of cells included in the TME to the culture (Kitaeva et al, 2019). 3D co-cultures of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and fibroblasts embedded in a Matrigel or encapsulated in alginate are used as models in drug discovery for analysis of immune cell infiltration (Osswald et al, 2019)
Summary
The development of new high-tech systems for screening anticancer drugs is one of the main problems of preclinical screening. The choice of the correct tumor model at the stage of in vitro testing provides reduction in both financial and time costs during later stages due to the timely screening of ineffective agents. In view of the growing incidence of oncology, increasing the pace of the creation, development and testing of new antitumor agents, the improvement and expansion of new high-tech systems for preclinical in vitro screening is becoming very important. This review outlines and describes these tumor models including their use in research, in addition to their characteristics. This review gives an insight into in vitro based testing which is of interest to researchers and clinicians from differing fields including pharmacy, preclinical studies and cell biology
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