Cell Block and Its Impact in the Diagnosis of Jaw Lesions over Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the role and efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and cell block in diagnosis of jaw lesions and compare the agreement between FNAC and cell block to predict the diagnosis. Method: The sample comprised 51 cases, including 12 odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), 8 ameloblastomas, 22 radicular cysts, 7 dentigerous cysts, and 1 each of intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT). FNAC samples remaining after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained cytosmear diagnosis were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was discarded and sediment mixed with 2–3 mL alcohol and filtered. To this, 10% formalin was added, filtered, taken for routine processing, and stained with H&E. The result of FNAC smear and cell block was compared with histopathological diagnosis. Results: On cytological examination of the smears, 7 OKCs and 22 radicular cysts were diagnosed, whereas ameloblastomas, AOT, intraosseous MEC, and dentigerous cysts were not. This gave an agreement of 56.8% with the biopsy reports. Cell block sections stained with H&E of 12 OKCs, 22 radicular cysts, 1 MEC, and 3 cases of ameloblastoma offered a diagnosis in accordance with the biopsies giving an agreement of 74.5%, while dentigerous cyst and AOT failed to do so. In comparison with FNAC, additionally 5 cases of OKC and 1 of MEC could be detected, and in ameloblastoma, out of 8 cases, only 3 yielded a concordant diagnosis through the cell block technique. Conclusion: In comparison with FNAC, the architectural pattern and the morphology of the cells were better preserved by the cell block technique. This substantiates that cell block could be used as an ancillary technique to aid in definitive diagnosis of head and neck swellings.