Abstract
Multipotent stem cells - such as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and stem cells derived from different sources like vascular wall are intensely studied to try to rapidly translate their discovered features from bench to bedside. Vascular wall resident stem cells recruitment, differentiation, survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and signaling pathways transduced were analyzed. We studied biological properties of vascular resident stem cells and explored the relationship from several factors as Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and regulations of biological, translational and clinical features of these cells. In this review we described a translational and clinical approach to Adult Vascular Wall Resident Multipotent Vascular Stem Cells (VW-SCs) and reported their involvement in alternative clinical approach as cells based therapy in vascular disease like arterial aneurysms or peripheral arterial obstructive disease.
Highlights
Current and potential therapeutic applications for stem cells are various and complexes
Important elements of AA are represented by chronic inflammation of the aortic wall induced by chemokines and aortic extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and MMP-9, so mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that migrate toward MMPs and Chemokines can be useful for therapy of aortic aneurysm [222,223,224,225]
In arterial aneurysms the chronic inflammation lead to MMPs activation inducing the mobilization of local vascular wall resident progenitor cells (VW-PCs) and tissue-resident endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) involved in an active repair process involving stem cells (SCs)
Summary
Current and potential therapeutic applications for stem cells are various and complexes. Endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and adventitial stromal fibroblasts all derived from mesodermic sheet constitute vascular wall It is recently demonstrated Recent studies have indicated that resident progenitor cell with angiogenetic properties are located inside arterial wall [1, 2]. It is demonstrated that quiescent multipotent stem cells (SCs) reside in the vascular wall; in sites of vascular pathology like arterial aneurysms they can be activated and differentiate into SMCs [11,12,13]. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of vascular wall resident stem cells in therapy like restoring vasculature after ischemic events and mainly provide a huge analysis of biomolecular mechanisms that regulate the involvement of vasculature progenitors and the activity of MMPs in natural history of arterial aneurysms
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