Abstract
In this paper, the effect of femtosecond laser nanotexturing of surfaces of Ti6Al4V and Zr implants on their biological compatibility is presented and discussed. Highly regular and homogeneous nanostructures with sub-micrometer period were imprinted on implant surfaces. Surfaces were morphologically and chemically investigated by SEM and XPS. HDFa cell lines were used for toxicity and cell viability tests, and subcutaneous implantation was applied to characterize tissue response. HDFa proliferation and in vivo experiments evidenced the strong influence of the surface topography compared to the effect of the surface elemental composition (metal or alloy). The effect of protein adsorption from blood plasma on cell proliferation is also discussed.
Highlights
Excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and biocompatibility allow for the wide use of Ti and Zr, making those metals suitable for applications in orthopedics and dental surgery
Direct connection of metal implant with soft tissue is a critical issue during abutment connection in dental surgery
From rabbit intermedullary implantation studies, it was found that lamellar bone and bone remodeling are highly favored by 200 μm pores created by laser compared to 10–25 μm ones.[16]
Summary
Chemical resistance and biocompatibility allow for the wide use of Ti and Zr, making those metals suitable for applications in orthopedics and dental surgery. The osteointegration process, that is the direct anchorage of an implant by the formation of bony tissues without the growth of fibrous tissues at the bone/implant interface,[5] starts directly after implantation from blood protein and growth factors adsorption on implant surface with further cell attachment and proliferation.[6] Bone progenitor cells like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and lining osteoblast produce collagen with further mineralization and bone remodeling. In this paradigm, surface topography and wettability are key parameters in determining implant/tissue interaction and osteointegration.[7]. Linez-Bataillon found that smooth surfaces are more attractive for osteoblast MC3T3 cells and show significant better proliferation compared to sandblasted implants.[19]
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