Abstract
The authors describe a new type of titanium (Ti) implant as a Modi-anodized (ANO) Ti implant, the surface of which was treated by sandblasting, acid etching (SLA), and anodized techniques. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adhesion of MG-63 cells to Modi-ANO surface treated Ti in vitro and to investigate its osseointegration characteristics in vivo. Four different types of Ti implants were examined, that is, machined Ti (control), SLA, anodized, and Modi-ANO Ti. In the cell adhesion study, Modi-ANO Ti showed higher initial MG-63 cell adhesion and induced greater filopodia growth than other groups. In vivo study in a beagle model revealed the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) of Modi-ANO Ti (74.20% ± 10.89%) was much greater than those of machined (33.58% ± 8.63%), SLA (58.47% ± 12.89), or ANO Ti (59.62% ± 18.30%). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Modi-ANO Ti implants produced by sandblasting, acid etching, and anodizing improve cell adhesion and bone ongrowth as compared with machined, SLA, or ANO Ti implants. These findings suggest that the application of Modi-ANO surface treatment could improve the osseointegration of dental implant.
Highlights
Osseointegration, defined as intimate contact between living bone and implant surface, is considered a prerequisite for implant loading and the long-term clinical success of dental implants [1,2,3]
Modi-ANO were higher than those of SLA, no significant difference was observed. These results indicate that the SLA, ANO, and Modi-ANO surface finishes increased osseointegration and bone formation, and that Modi-ANO implants exhibit better osseointegration and bone formation
Osseointegration of Ti implant surfaces is strongly influenced by surface physical and chemical properties, such as, surface chemistry, charge, topography, wettability, and roughness [18]
Summary
Osseointegration, defined as intimate contact between living bone and implant surface, is considered a prerequisite for implant loading and the long-term clinical success of dental implants [1,2,3]. Various surface treatment techniques, such as sandblasting, acid-etching, grit-blasting, anodization, plasma-spraying, coating with inorganic calcium phosphate or biological molecules, and chemical modifications have been devised to improve biological characteristics that promote osseointegration and bone formation, and shorten the time require to implant loading [8,9,10,11,12]. Among these surface modification techniques, sandblasting with large grit media with acid etching (SLA) and anodizing (ANO) are frequently used to modify the surfaces of Ti dental implant. The Ti oxide layer and micropores formed by anodization improve the cellular activities (e.g., cell adhesion and proliferation) and enhance osseointegration in vivo [16,17]
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