Celiac disease in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Tunisia

Abstract

Type1 diabetes mellitus may be associated with celiac disease. The prevalence of celiac disease as determined by screening among adult patients with type 1 diabetes is high with rates of 1.07.8% in Europe and U.S.A. The aims of the study are to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in adults with type 1 diabetes in Tunisia. 348 consecutive adult patients with type1 diabetes were investigated prospectively and screened for celiac disease. The mean age was 28.45+/-10.74 years old. There were 176 females and 172 males. For the screening of celiac disease, we used immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-endomysium (EMA) antibodies determined by an indirect immunofluorescence method. Anti-transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies were determined by an ELISA method. Those patients with positive results for anti EMA and or tTG were proposed for duodenal biopsy. 14 patients were positive for anti EMA and had high or a weak positive level of tTG antibodies. One patient from this group was already known to have celiac disease. Only 8 patients consented to biopsy and morphological changes were consistent with celiac disease in all cases. Prevalence of biopsy-proven celiac disease was 2.3% (95% CI=1.0-4.5%). The present study confirms that celiac disease of adults is prevalent in type 1 diabetic patients in Tunisia. Serological screening for celiac disease in type 1 diabetes is important because many patients are asymptomatic and most are detected by the screening.