Ceftazidime–avibactam for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and complicated intra-abdominal infections

Abstract

Treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and complicated intra-abdominal infections is increasingly difficult due to the rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Ceftazidime–avibactam is a combination of the established third-generation cephalosporin ceftazidime with avibactam, a novel non–β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, which restores the activity of ceftazidime against many β-lactamase–producing Gram-negative bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases. Clinical and nonclinical studies supporting the safety and efficacy of ceftazidime–avibactam include microbiological surveillance studies of clinically relevant pathogens, in vivo animal models of infection, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment analyses, Phase I clinical pharmacology studies, and Phase II/III studies in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections, including patients with ceftazidime-nonsusceptible Gram-negative infections.