Cefmenoxime pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers and subjects with renal insufficiency and on hemodialysis.

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of cefmenoxime were characterized in five healthy volunteers and in 15 subjects with various degrees of renal insufficiency after a single 10-mg/kg, 5-min intravenous infusion. Five of these subjects were studied both on hemodialysis and during an interdialytic period. Plasma, urine and dialysate were assayed for cefmenoxime by a specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay. Peak plasma concentrations of cefmenoxime were ca. 94 micrograms/ml after completion of the infusion. The mean plasma and renal clearances in the healthy volunteers were 281 +/- 66 and 228 +/- 52 ml/min, respectively. Plasma clearance declined in patients with renal insufficiency and correlated significantly with creatine clearance. The mean apparent volume of distribution at steady state in the healthy volunteers was 0.23 liters/kg and was not found to be significantly different in subjects with renal insufficiency. The mean cumulative 24-h urinary recovery of cefmenoxime in healthy volunteers was 81% of the administered dose and decreased with reduced renal function. Cefmenoxine dosage should be reduced in proportion to the decline in creatinine clearance. A simple nomogram for dose selection is provided.