Abstract
Abstract. The CEFLES2 campaign during the Carbo Europe Regional Experiment Strategy was designed to provide simultaneous airborne measurements of solar induced fluorescence and CO2 fluxes. It was combined with extensive ground-based quantification of leaf- and canopy-level processes in support of ESA's Candidate Earth Explorer Mission of the "Fluorescence Explorer" (FLEX). The aim of this campaign was to test if fluorescence signal detected from an airborne platform can be used to improve estimates of plant mediated exchange on the mesoscale. Canopy fluorescence was quantified from four airborne platforms using a combination of novel sensors: (i) the prototype airborne sensor AirFLEX quantified fluorescence in the oxygen A and B bands, (ii) a hyperspectral spectrometer (ASD) measured reflectance along transects during 12 day courses, (iii) spatially high resolution georeferenced hyperspectral data cubes containing the whole optical spectrum and the thermal region were gathered with an AHS sensor, and (iv) the first employment of the high performance imaging spectrometer HYPER delivered spatially explicit and multi-temporal transects across the whole region. During three measurement periods in April, June and September 2007 structural, functional and radiometric characteristics of more than 20 different vegetation types in the Les Landes region, Southwest France, were extensively characterized on the ground. The campaign concept focussed especially on quantifying plant mediated exchange processes (photosynthetic electron transport, CO2 uptake, evapotranspiration) and fluorescence emission. The comparison between passive sun-induced fluorescence and active laser-induced fluorescence was performed on a corn canopy in the daily cycle and under desiccation stress. Both techniques show good agreement in detecting stress induced fluorescence change at the 760 nm band. On the large scale, airborne and ground-level measurements of fluorescence were compared on several vegetation types supporting the scaling of this novel remote sensing signal. The multi-scale design of the four airborne radiometric measurements along with extensive ground activities fosters a nested approach to quantify photosynthetic efficiency and gross primary productivity (GPP) from passive fluorescence.
Highlights
Photosynthesis harvests light from a variable stream of solar photons and converts this energy to carbohydrates that fuel all plant processes and life on Earth
Canopy fluorescence was quantified from four airborne platforms using a combination of novel sensors: (i) the prototype airborne sensor AirFLEX quantified fluorescence in the oxygen A and B bands, (ii) a hyperspectral spectrometer (ASD) measured reflectance along transects during 12 day courses, (iii) spatially high resolution georeferenced hyperspectral data cubes containing the whole optical spectrum and the thermal region were gathered with an Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) sensor, and (iv) the first employment of the high performance imaging spectrometer HYPER delivered spatially explicit and multi-temporal transects across the whole region
The apparent rate of photosynthetic electron transport (ETR) of photosystem II was obtained as ETR= F/Fm·PPFD·0.5·α, where the factor 0.5 assumes equal excitation of both photosystems; the absorption factor α was derived from leaf level optical measurements using an integrating sphere
Summary
The chlorophyll fluorescence is emitted by a leaf in the red and far-red spectral region under natural sunlight, fluorescence is only a minor fraction of the total reflected light This makes it difficult to quantitatively extract the fluorescence signal from remote sensing data. With this paper we report the concept and first results from the CEFLES2 campaign that took place in the context of the Carbo Europe Regional Experiment between April and September 2007 in Southern France (see http://www.esa.int/esaLP/ SEMQACHYX3F index 0.html) This campaign combined state-of-the-art remote sensing with extensive field-based measurements to quantify the actual status of photosynthetic efficiency from the level of single leaves to a regional scale. The overarching goal was to better constrain and reduce uncertainties in modelling mesoscale carbon fluxes using fluorescence as a direct input parameter
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