Abstract
Interaction of CD95 and its ligand (CD95L) plays an important role in the regulation of immune response, since CD95 + lymphocytes may be killed after engagement of the CD95 receptor. Studying the CD95/CD95L system in 40 cases of breast cancer, the malignant cells expressed CD95L, but lost CD95 expression, when compared to non-malignant mammary epithelia. In addition, four breast cancer lines expressed CD95L, which was further enhanced, when the cells were treated with IFN-γ. This was functionally relevant, because Jurkat T cells incubated on breast cancer cells underwent CD95L specific apoptosis and the rate of apoptosis was demonstrated by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, CD95L expressed on breast cancer cells could also be shed from the cell membrane into the culture supernatant and supernatants derived from breast cancer cell cultures induced CD95L specific apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. Interestingly, in breast cancer patients depletion of CD4 + and CD8 + peripheral blood lymphocytes was tightly correlated with CD95 ligand expression in the tumours, which is suggestive for a relationship between CD95 ligand expression by tumour and systemic immunosuppression.
Highlights
Lymph node biopsy is important as a prognostic factor, and influences therapy
In this study we determined the in vivo cell kinetics along the spectrum of apparently normal epithelium, hyperplasia, preinvasive lesions and invasive carcinoma, in breast tissues affected by fibrocystic changes in which preinvasive and/or invasive lesions developed, as a model of breast carcinogenesis
This study was undertaken to determine the effect of wound healing drainages and postsurgical sera obtained from breast carcinoma (BC) patients on proliferation of dormant BC cells and to assess the role of HER2 oncoprotein in this proliferation
Summary
Lymph node biopsy is important as a prognostic factor, and influences therapy. In the transition from normal epithelium to hyperplasia and from preinvasive lesions to invasive carcinoma, the net growth of epithelial cells results from a growth imbalance in favour of proliferation. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in symptomatic patients after breast cancer treatment. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be considered as a treatment option for patients with persisting symptomatology following breast-conserving therapy. We hypothesized that COX-2 expression was associated with that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human breast cancer. Conclusion: COX-2 expression is significantly associated with increased cellular proliferation and angiogenesis in invasive breast cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that the sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is a reliable and minimally invasive method for determining the axillary node status in patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: Overexpression of episialin strongly inhibits fat secretion, and critically affects timing of involution of the lactating mammary gland
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