Abstract
CD69 is widely expressed on hematopoietic cells including lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, platelets, and epidermal Langerhans cells. It is not expressed on resting lymphocytes, but is rapidly (within 2 h) induced upon activation of B, T, and NK cells. CD69 is expressed on CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes, germinal center T cells, and T cells in regions of inflammation, consistent with it being a marker of T cell activation. The human and mouse genes for CD69 are encoded within the NK gene complex on chromosomes 12 and 6, respectively. Like other proteins encoded within the NK gene complex, CD69 is a type II membrane glycoprotein expressed as a disulfide-linked homodimer. The extracellular region has a C-type lectin domain. The cytoplasmic domain contains phosphorylation sites for serine/threonine kinases and is constitutively phosphorylated. CD69 is not expressed on resting peripheral blood lymphocytes, but is among the earliest antigens to appear upon activation of lymphocytes, appearing within 2 h after stimulation. The expression requires mRNA synthesis, and is very transient, as the result of rapid degradation of the mRNA.
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