CD5 Is A Potential Selecting Ligand for B-Cell Surface Immunoglobulin: A Possible Role in Maintenance and Selective Expansion of Normal and Malignant B Cells

Abstract

Although the function of CD5 on B cells is unknown, previous studies suggested that CD5 interaction with VH framework regions of surface immunoglobulins (Igs) may contribute to survival and expansion of B cells. Here we used B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells and transformed B-cell lines from normal and B-CLL patients to study CD5-Ig interactions. Immobilized Ig binds and permits isolation of CD5 from lysates of CD5-expressing cell lines. Immunoglobulins or Fab fragments of different VH families varied in their effectiveness as inhibitors of anti-CD5 staining of CLL cells, appendix and tonsil tissue sections. Human Ig also binds to purified recombinant CD5. We show here for the first time that the unconventional Ig-CD5 interaction maps to the extracellular CD5-D2 domain whereas conventional epitopes recognized by anti-CD5 antibodies are localized in the Dl domain of CD5. We propose that interactions of VH framework regions with CD5 as a ligand may maintain, select or expand normal, autoimmune or transformed B cells and also contribute to skewing of the normal VH repertoire.