CD42b Immunostaining as a Marker for Placental Fibrinoid in Normal Pregnancy and Complications*

Abstract

Background There are two types of fibrinoids within the placenta, fibrin-type and matrix-type. The clinical importance of these fibrinoids is poorly understood. Design: Fibrinoid deposits occurring in normal and complicated pregnancies were studies with H&E stain and CD42b as a marker for platelet aggregates. Results: Fibrin-like fibrinoid was associated with platelet aggregates positive by CD42b immunostaining in the subchorionic and basal plate areas, facing the maternal circulation and intervillous spaces. Matrix-type fibrinoid did not stain with CD42b, and it was found in the intervillous spaces, trophoblastic cysts, intravillous tissue areas, and vascular walls in decidual vasculopathy. Conclusion: Fibrin-type fibrinoid within the intervillous spaces are mostly from maternal circulation and these fibrinoids are likely the result of the laminar flow change at specific anatomic locations, leading to activation of coagulatory cascades. The pathogenesis of matrix-like fibrinoid is unclear. CD42b immunostaining is helpful in differentiation of the types of fibrinoid in difficult cases.