Abstract
CD31 is a surface molecule mediating homo- and heterotypic interactions that control leukocyte trafficking through the endothelial layer. Monoclonal antibodies against CD31 are used as markers of neovascularization. Assessment of angiogenesis in 270 breast carcinomas revealed expression of CD31 in a single case of large (5.2 cm in diameter) high nuclear grade ductal carcinoma, in both in situ and invasive components. Expression was limited to the cell membrane, suggesting an adhesion function of CD31 in epithelial cells. At variance with invasive breast carcinomas, angiogenesis is not considered as a prognostic parameter in DCIS, and consequently anti-CD31 MoAb are not included in standard testing. Thus, a reasonable explanation for our finding was that CD31 expression might be underscored in DCIS cells. Therefore, we focused on 32 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) larger than 2 cm, pure or associated with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Cancer cells of seven extensive, high nuclear grade DCIS associated with IDC were CD31+. CD31 was expressed by cells of DCIS the were able to colonize lobules and large ducts extending to the nipple (Paget's disease). It was also expressed by IDC, but only in association with CD44. Normal epithelium and hyperplastic epithelial lesions were consistently CD31-. We conclude that CD31 expression is a feature acquired by breast cancer cells in DCIS model. Secondly, CD31 expression mainly correlates with tumor cell spreading within the ductal system; and, finally, the invasive phenotype requires the coexpression of CD31 and CD44.
Highlights
Lymph node biopsy is important as a prognostic factor, and influences therapy
In this study we determined the in vivo cell kinetics along the spectrum of apparently normal epithelium, hyperplasia, preinvasive lesions and invasive carcinoma, in breast tissues affected by fibrocystic changes in which preinvasive and/or invasive lesions developed, as a model of breast carcinogenesis
This study was undertaken to determine the effect of wound healing drainages and postsurgical sera obtained from breast carcinoma (BC) patients on proliferation of dormant BC cells and to assess the role of HER2 oncoprotein in this proliferation
Summary
Lymph node biopsy is important as a prognostic factor, and influences therapy. In the transition from normal epithelium to hyperplasia and from preinvasive lesions to invasive carcinoma, the net growth of epithelial cells results from a growth imbalance in favour of proliferation. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in symptomatic patients after breast cancer treatment. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be considered as a treatment option for patients with persisting symptomatology following breast-conserving therapy. We hypothesized that COX-2 expression was associated with that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human breast cancer. Conclusion: COX-2 expression is significantly associated with increased cellular proliferation and angiogenesis in invasive breast cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that the sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is a reliable and minimally invasive method for determining the axillary node status in patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: Overexpression of episialin strongly inhibits fat secretion, and critically affects timing of involution of the lactating mammary gland
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