Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes mobilization of various groups of progenitor cells from bone marrow to bloodstream and this correlates with the neurological status of stroke patients. The goal of our study was to identify the activity of chosen progenitor/stem cells in the peripheral blood of acute ischemic stroke patients in the first 7 days after the incident, through associations between the levels of the cells and clinical features of the patients. Thirty-three acute ischemic stroke patients and 15 non-stroke control subjects had their venous blood collected repeatedly in order to assess the levels of the CD45–CD34 + CD271+, the CD45–CD34 + CXCR4+, the CD45–CD34 + CXCR7+, and the CD45–CD34 + CD133+ stem/progenitor cells by means of flow cytometry. The patients underwent repeated neurological and clinical assessments, pulse wave velocity (PWV) assessment on day 5, and MRI on day 1 and 5 ± 2. The levels of the CD45–CD34 + CXCR7+ and the CD45–CD34 + CD271+ cells were lower in the stroke patients compared with the control subjects. Only the CD45–CD34 + CD271+ cells correlated positively with lesion volume in the second MRI. The levels of the CD45–CD34 + CD133+ cells on day 2 correlated negatively with PWV and NIHSS score on day 9. The patients whose PWV was above 10 m/s had significantly higher levels of the CD45–CD34 + CXCR4+ and the CD45–CD34 + CXCR7+ cells on day 1 than those with PWV below 10 m/s. This study discovers possible activity of the CD45–CD34 + CD271+ progenitor/stem cells during the first 7 days after ischemic stroke, suggests associations of the CD45–CD34 + CD133+ cells with the neurological status of stroke patients, and some activity of the CD45–CD34 + CD133+, the CD45–CD34 + CXCR4+, and the CD45–CD34 + CXCR7+ progenitor/stem cells in the process of arterial remodeling.
Highlights
Cerebral stroke causes an efflux of various groups of progenitor and stem cells from bone marrow to bloodstream and the levels of these cells correlate with the neurological status of stroke patients (Dunac et al 2007; Gójska-Grymajło et al 2012; Hennemann et al 2008; Paczkowska et al 2005; Sobrino et al 2007)
In our previous work (Gójska-Grymajło et al 2012), we have shown that the CD45–C34+, CD45–CD34 + CXCR4+, and the CD45–CXCR4+ cells are present in the peripheral blood of ischemic stroke patients in low numbers, but their levels and dynamics seem to correlate with the functional status of the patients
mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values of the CD45–CD34 + CD271+ cells were lower in the patients on day 1 (p = 0.01, mean ± SE, patients: 0.063 ± 0.01 vs. controls: 0.12 ± 0.01), on day 2 (p = 0.002; mean ± SE, patients: 0.07 ± 0.025 vs. controls: 0.12 ± 0.01), and on day 7 (p = 0.046; mean ± SE, patients: 0.066 ± 0.02 vs. controls: 0.12 ± 0.01)
Summary
Cerebral stroke causes an efflux of various groups of progenitor and stem cells from bone marrow to bloodstream and the levels of these cells correlate with the neurological status of stroke patients (Dunac et al 2007; Gójska-Grymajło et al 2012; Hennemann et al 2008; Paczkowska et al 2005; Sobrino et al 2007). It is the paracrine effect of the adult stem cells that seems to play the major role in rescuing cerebral ischemic tissue (Beer et al 2016; Madhavan and Collier 2010; Shimada and Spees 2011). A few of them consider the influence of stem cells dynamics, lesion volume, and co-morbidities, even though such correlations had been found long ago (Bogoslovsky et al 2010; Carvalho et al 2015; Dunac et al 2007; Fadini et al 2006; Gojska-Grymajlo et al 2012).
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