CD206+ cell number differentiates influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 from seasonal influenza A virus in fatal cases.

Heidi G Rodriguez-Ramirez,Adrian G Rosas-Taraco,Mario C Salinas-Carmona,Luis Angel Ceceñas-Falcon,Lilia M Rangel-Martinez,Americo Melo-De La Garza,Oralia Barboza-Quintana

doi:10.1155/2014/921054

Heidi G Rodriguez-Ramirez, Adrian G Rosas-Taraco + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/921054

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Abstract

In 2009, a new influenza A (H1N1) virus affected many persons around the world. There is an urgent need for finding biomarkers to distinguish between influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza virus. We investigated these possible biomarkers in the lung of fatal cases of confirmed influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. Cytokines (inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) and cellular markers (macrophages and lymphocytes subpopulation markers) were analyzed in lung tissue from both influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza virus. High levels of IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α positive cells were identical in lung tissue from the influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal cases when compared with healthy lung tissue (P < 0.05). Increased IL-4+ cells, and CD4+ and CD14+ cells were also found in high levels in both influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza virus (P < 0.05). Low levels of CD206+ cells (marker of alternatively activated macrophages marker in lung) were found in influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 when compared with seasonal influenza virus (P < 0.05), and the ratio of CD206/CD14+ cells was 2.5-fold higher in seasonal and noninfluenza group compared with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CD206+ cells differentiate between influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza virus in lung tissue of fatal cases.

Highlights

Influenza is a viral infectious disease recognized as a major public health problem worldwide due to high morbidity and mortality
Our results presented suggest that there are no differences between influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza in viral load, cytokines response, or T lymphocytes markers but CD206 number differentiates between both influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza
Study Groups and Virus Detection. 72 fatal cases were analyzed by qRT-PCR for seasonal and influenza A (H1N1)pdm09

Summary

Introduction

Influenza is a viral infectious disease recognized as a major public health problem worldwide due to high morbidity and mortality. New influenza virus outbreaks are expected every 8–41 years, similar to influenza A (H1N1)pdm (2009) During these outbreaks, more than 50% of the population could be infected due to the high transmissibility of the virus. Previous studies showed high levels of inflammatory cytokines in sera or plasma, named “cytokine storm” or hypercytokinemia [3,4,5]. This exacerbated activation of the immune system may result in acute lung injury and contribute to higher rates of fatal cases. We analyzed viral load, tissue damage, cytokines response, and T lymphocytes and macrophages markers in lung tissues from fatal cases of influenza A (H1N1)pdm and seasonal influenza. Our results presented suggest that there are no differences between influenza A (H1N1)pdm and seasonal influenza in viral load, cytokines response, or T lymphocytes markers but CD206 number differentiates between both influenza A (H1N1)pdm and seasonal influenza

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion