Abstract
BackgroundMonocytes represent a heterogeneous population of cells subdivided according to the expression level of membrane antigens. A pro-inflammatory (intermediate/nonclassical) subpopulation of monocytes is defined by expression of CD16. CD163 seems to be characteristically preferentially expressed by immunosuppressive monocytes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the distribution of monocyte subpopulations in 71 patients with kidney allograft transplantation.ResultsThe phenotype was evaluated by flow cytometry in defined time points. The proportions of peripheral CD14+CD16+ monocytes were downregulated immediately after the kidney transplantation and basiliximab treatment partially attenuated this trend. The transient downregulation of the CD14+CD16+ subpopulation was adjusted to basal values in two months. The proportions of CD14+CD163+ monocytes were transiently upregulated early after the kidney transplantation and remained higher during the first month in most patients. In ATG treated patients, the expansion of CD14+CD163+ monocytes was delayed but their upregulation lasted longer. In vitro data showed the direct effect of ATG and methylprednisolone on expression of CD16 and CD163 molecules while basiliximab did not affect the phenotype of cultured monocytes.ConclusionsWe assume from our data that kidney allograft transplantation is associated with modulation of monocyte subpopulations (CD14+CD16+ and CD14+CD163+) partially affected by an immunosuppressive regime used.
Highlights
Monocytes represent a heterogeneous population of cells subdivided according to the expression level of membrane antigens
Peripheral blood CD14+CD163+ monocytes after kidney allograft transplantation The percentage of peripheral CD14+CD163+ monocytes was found to be upregulated during 7 days after the kidney transplantation in the group of patients without the induction therapy (p < 0.0001) and those treated with basiliximab (p < 0.0001)
The upregulation of CD14+CD163+ subpopulation was almost adjusted in three or six months but did not reach the values obtained before the transplantation
Summary
Monocytes represent a heterogeneous population of cells subdivided according to the expression level of membrane antigens. Peripheral blood monocytes represent highly efficient effector cells of innate immunity subdivided into different subpopulations by the expression level of membrane antigens CD14 (a receptor for bacterial LPS) and CD16 (Fc gamma RIII). CD14+CD16+ monocytes are extensively studied with respect to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis [13,14] including kidney transplant patients [15] In contrast to these intermediate/nonclassical CD14+CD16+ monocytes, CD163 expression seems to be a marker of monocyte subset downregulating immune responses. The CD36 known to be upregulated during monocyte extravasation [21], and CD74, a receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor [22], represent additional markers of potential interest In this respect, the aim of our prospective observational study was to monitore changes of peripheral monocyte subpopulations in early phases of kidney allograft transplantation with regard to different modes of induction immunosuppressive therapy
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