CCSS 개혁이 미국의 체육교과 교육과정에 미친 영향 : 교육과정 표준화 동향

Abstract

This paper describes the development of Common Core State Standards (CCSS) that has emerged in the backdrop of global educational governance, examining how CCSS influenced the school-based physical education (PE) curriculum in the United States (US). Since the new millennium, states have adopted CCSS as part of standards-based reform with the aim of offering local entities both educational flexibility and consistency. After the implementation of CCSS, however, the school curriculum in the US tends to be standardized focusing on the CCSS system due to an increased influence of the federal government. In this national context, the profession of PE has made multifaceted efforts to address this nationwide reform movement by establishing national standards and summative teacher guidelines, grade-level outcomes, and assessment systems, thereby building a unified common foundation in the field. Such system-wide change, however, does not necessarily signal total standardization for PE curricula. Expansive discourses and debates among professionals in the field have exerted significant limits on curriculum standardization. This implies that although policies for K-12 PE have been assembled focusing on the CCSS movement, the implementation in local programs remains distinct in form and scope due to multiple unique features of each program.