Abstract
Chemokines are small molecules that play a crucial role as chemoattractants for several cell types, and their components are associated with host immune responses and repair mechanisms. Chemokines selectively recruit monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes and induce chemotaxis through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors. Two well-described chemokine families (CXC and CC) are known to regulate the localization and trafficking of immune cells in cases of injury, infection, and tumors. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the important chemokines from the CC family that controls migration and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages during inflammation. CCL2 is profoundly expressed in osteoporotic bone and prostate cancer-induced bone resorption. CCL2 also regulates physiological bone remodeling in response to hormonal and mechanical stimuli. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has multifaceted effects on bone, depending on the mode of administration. Intermittent PTH increases bone in vivo by increasing the number and activity of osteoblasts, whereas a continuous infusion of PTH decreases bone mass by stimulating a net increase in bone resorption. CCL2 is essential for both anabolic and catabolic effects of PTH. In this review, we will discuss the pharmacological role of PTH and involvement of CCL2 in the processes of PTH-mediated bone remodeling.
Highlights
Bone remodeling is a complex process under the control of several local and systemic factors such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, estrogens, androgens, and inflammatory mediators
Several studies suggest that certain members of the CC chemokine family, including monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP1α/CCL3), regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3/CCL7), might exert their effects on committed osteoclasts
This review provides an overview of chemokines and their role in the process of physiological and pathological bone remodeling, focusing in particular on the role of CCL2 and its involvement in PTH’s actions on bone cells
Summary
Bone remodeling is a complex process under the control of several local and systemic factors such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, estrogens, androgens, and inflammatory mediators. Several studies suggest that certain members of the CC chemokine family, including monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP1α/CCL3), regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3/CCL7), might exert their effects on committed osteoclasts. In addition to systemic hormonal regulation, other growth factors such as IGFs, TGF-β, FGFs, EGF, BMPs, Wnt family proteins, and chemokines play a significant role in the regulation of physiological bone remodeling [35].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
