Abstract
BackgroundThe coiled-coil domain containing (CCDC) family proteins have important biological functions in various diseases. However, the coiled-coil domain containing 137 (CCDC137) was rarely studied. We aim to investigate the role of CCDC137 in pan-cancer.MethodsCCDC137 expression was evaluated in RNA sequence expression profilers of pan-cancer and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. The influence of CCDC137 on the prognosis of tumor patients was analyzed using clinical survival data from TCGA. Function and pathway enrichment analysis was performed to explore the role of CCDC137 using the R package “clusterProfiler.” We further analyzed the correlation of immune cell infiltration score of TCGA samples and CCDC137 expression using TIMER2 online database.ResultsCCDC137 was over-expressed and associated with worse survival status in various tumor types. CCDC137 expression was positively correlated with tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in Lower Grade Glioma (LGG) and Uveal Melanoma (UVM). In addition, high CCDC137 expression was positively correlated with most immunosuppressive genes, including TGFB1, PD-L1, and IL10RB in LGG and UVM.ConclusionsOur study identified CCDC137 as an oncogene and predictor of worse survival in most tumor types. High CCDC137 may contribute to elevated infiltration of TAMs and CAFs and be associated with tumor immunosuppressive status.
Highlights
Tumor microenvironment (TME) has been proved to be composed of complex components, and is crucial for tumor development and prognosis of patients (Cassim and Pouyssegur, 2019)
Results revealed that coiled-coil domain containing 137 (CCDC137) was highly expressed in 16 tumor types including Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA), Breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), Rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UECE), while only low expressed in Kidney Chromophobe (KICH) (Figure 1A)
We found that CCDC137 was over-expressed in 24 tumor types
Summary
Tumor microenvironment (TME) has been proved to be composed of complex components, and is crucial for tumor development and prognosis of patients (Cassim and Pouyssegur, 2019). The immune and stromal cells within TME have essential contributions to tumorigenesis and development of tumor (Lei et al, 2020). Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) could secrete several cytokines and chemokines to alleviate tumor immunity and promote tumor progression. The extensive heterogeneity of TAMs enables immune and stromal cells to adapt or alter their phenotypes to conform to the TME, playing an oncogene role in cancer progression and metastasis (Pathria et al, 2019). Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME have abilities to secrete various growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines to promote tumor progression. It is urgent to explore the potential molecular mechanism leading to the formation of CAFs and TAMs. The coiled-coil domain containing (CCDC) family proteins have important biological functions in various diseases. We aim to investigate the role of CCDC137 in pancancer
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