Abstract
Wireless information collecting and processing terminals, such as cell phones, sensors and smart wearable devices, are expected to be deployed on a large scale in the future to promote the continuous advancement of the global information revolution. Since most of these terminals connect to each other using long-distance and high-speed networks by multiple routers and eventual access the internet, the application of mobile internet is gradually increasing and data traffic on the mobile internet is growing exponentially, from which arises congestion in wireless networks on multiple routers. This research solves the congestion problem for wireless networks with multiple bottleneck routers. First, the wireless network model is expanded to multi-router networks, which considers the interrelationships between connecting routers. Afterwards, a new Active Queue Management (AQM) method called Congestion Control Based on Adaptive Integral Backstepping (CCAIB) is designed to handle congestion in wireless networks. In CCAIB, an adaptive control method is used to estimate the packet loss ratios of wireless links and a controller is designed based on the estimation results through a backstepping procedure. It can be shown from the simulation results that the performance of CCAIB is better than the H∞ algorithm in queue length stability. Besides, the window size of CCAIB is 100 times that of the H∞ algorithm, and the proportion of packets marked as discarded when using CCAIB is about 0.1% of the H∞ algorithm. Moreover, CCAIB has satisfactory adaptability to network parameters such as wireless link capacity, propagation delay, wireless packet loss ratios, desired queue length and router location.
Highlights
It is observed that the queue length of Congestion Control Based on Adaptive Integral Backstepping (CCAIB) converges in 10 s but that of H∞ is misconvergence throughout the time
This is reasonable because when the queue length is fixed, more packets need to be sent from the source to make up for the packet lost in the uplink
We have developed a new algorithm, named CCAIB, under the framework of Active Queue Management (AQM) to handle the congestion problem for wireless networks
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. After the fluid model [19] is proposed, some new router-based control algorithms [20–22], are applied to congestion control. All the above algorithms are proposed for wired internet, which believe all packet loss is caused by congestion This is false in wireless networks because packet loss can occur in the wireless links. When packet loss occurs in the wireless link, the congestion control algorithms for wired networks may assume that congestion occurs mistakenly, causing excessive packet loss in the queue. As far as the authors know, existing algorithms designed for wireless networks congestion control are based on approximate linearized models, which are distortion compared to the actual networks. The influence of network parameters such as link capacity, propagation delay, wireless packet loss ratios, desired queue length and router location on the performance of CCAIB are analyzed.
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