CBDC - ცენტრალური ბანკების ციფრული ვალუტა: უპირატესობები და ნაკლოვანებები

Abstract

The article discusses the advantages and possible disadvantages of CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currencies). This issue gained special relevance after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009. It is no exaggeration to say that in recent years the entire world has been swept up in the fever of creating Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). More than a hundred central banks are engaged in this topic. Central banks of the People's Republic of China, India, Sweden, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and some other countries can be considered the most advanced in this matter. In about a dozen countries, the authorities have already announced the introduction of digital currency. But it's mostly the smaller jurisdictions that experts say are being used as testing grounds. The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) has studied the issue of CBDC in depth. It provides advisory assistance to individual countries' central banks in the preparation of digital currency projects and also initiates projects to connect individual countries' digital currency systems to use CBDC as a means of payment between countries. Some experts suggest that the BIS has far-reaching goals to create a single CBDC for all countries - a global digital currency that should replace the US dollar (Heller, 2021). As for the International Monetary Fund (IMF), until recently the topic of CBDC was of peripheral interest to it. However, by 2023, the IMF's interest has shifted towards digital currency. In April of this year, the annual spring session of the governing bodies of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank (WB) was held in Washington, where there were a number of speeches on the topic of CBDC. Keywords: digital currency, cryptocurrency, bitcoin, central bank digital currency, commercial banks, central banks.