Cavity-enhanced optical Hall effect in epitaxial graphene detected at terahertz frequencies

Abstract

Cavity-enhanced optical Hall effect at terahertz (THz) frequencies is employed to determine the free charge carrier properties in epitaxial graphene (EG) with different number of layers grown by high-temperature sublimation on 4H-SiC(0001). We find that one monolayer (ML) EG possesses p-type conductivity with a free hole concentration in the low 1012cm−2 range and a free hole mobility parameter as high as 1550cm2/Vs. We also find that 6ML EG shows n-type doping behavior with a much lower free electron mobility parameter of 470cm2/Vs and an order of magnitude higher free electron density in the low 1013cm−2 range. The observed differences are discussed. The cavity-enhanced THz optical Hall effect is demonstrated to be an excellent tool for contactless access to the type of free charge carriers and their properties in two-dimensional materials such as EG.