Abstract
A necessary condition for cavitation to appear in fluid flow is a local drop of the pressure below the saturation pressure at the flow temperature. Such a pressure drop can be due to centrifugal acceleration or more accurately the centrifugal force engendered by this acceleration and directed along the radius of curvature of a convex surface bounding the flow, across the flow direction. A mathematical model of cavitation is constructed on this basis in the form of a dependence of the critical flow rate on the pressure, density, and underheating of water at the entrance into a hydraulic apparatus and concretized for nozzles and Venturi tubes with a smooth entry as well as for a stop valve in a RBMK process channel. This model is used to evaluate the state of the flow in the valve in different RBMK-1000 operating regimes.
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