Abstract
Cavitation is the phenomenon of fluid evaporation in hydraulic systems, which occurs due to a pressure drop below the value of the vapor pressure. For numerical modeling of this generally undesirable phenomenon, which is often associated with material damage (erosion), there are various mathematical vapor transfer models that have been validated in the past. There are different approaches to predicting cavitation erosion, which have mostly been experimental in the past. Recently various numerical models have been developed with the development of numerical simulations. They describe the phenomenon of cavitation erosion based on different theoretical considerations, such as Pressure wave hypothesis, Microjet hypothesis, or a combination of both. In the present paper, an analysis of the Schnerr-Sauer transport cavitation model was used, upgraded with an erosive potential energy model based on pressure wave hypothesis for cavitation erosion prediction. The extended numerical model has been applied to the case of a radial divergent test section in three different mathematical formulations. The results of simulation were compared and validated to experimental work performed by other authors. The study shows that the distribution of surface accumulated energy agrees with the experimental results, although certain differences exist between formulations. The applied method appears to be appropriate for further use, and to be extended to materials response modeling in the future.
Highlights
Cavitation is the phenomenon that consists of the formation, activity and collapse of vapor structures inside a liquid medium
It can be concluded that the used cavitation model, boundary conditions and physical properties were determined properly to predict the cavitation dynamics correctly
The presented study results show that the used mathematical-physical model with different formulations for prediction of vapor phase potential power, and, cavitation erosion, predicts the position of damaged surfaces on the geometry of the radial divergent test section satisfactorily, which confirms the findings of other researchers on different flow cases [22] and [25] and different cavitation erosion models [16]
Summary
Cavitation is the phenomenon that consists of the formation, activity and collapse of vapor structures inside a liquid medium. The phenomenon is undesired, since it causes many negative effects. Among those negative effects the cavitation erosion is the most complex one, since it combines complicated hydrodynamics with solid material response at the mechanical and metallurgical perspectives. In 1917, Lord Rayleigh [1] derived the equation for calculation of the pressure in a liquid during the collapse of a spherical bubble. Vogel et al [4] observed the dynamics of the collapse of a bubble along a solid wall, and derived the equation for calculation of the potential energy of the collapse
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