Cavernous and systemic testosterone levels in different phases of human penile erection

Abstract

Objectives. To examine changes in testosterone levels in the cavernous and peripheral blood during different phases of erection because, although the determination of systemic testosterone levels has been well established in the diagnostic workup of erectile dysfunction, the exact role of testosterone in adult male sexual function remains unclear. Methods. Blood samples were drawn simultaneously from the corpus cavernosum and the cubital vein of 54 healthy and normally potent volunteers during four different stages of the cavernous erectile tissue (flaccidity, tumescence, rigidity, and detumescence). Penile erections were induced by audiovisual and tactile stimulation, and testosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Results. The mean testosterone level in the corpus cavernosum plasma during the flaccid state was 2.9 ± 1.2 ng/mL. During tumescence and rigidity, the testosterone levels in the cavernous blood significantly increased, to 4.3 ± 1.3 ng/mL and 4.4 ± 1.4 ng/mL, respectively. During detumescence, the cavernous testosterone levels dropped to 3.5 ± 1.4 ng/mL. The changes in the testosterone levels in the peripheral plasma were less pronounced. A significant increase was also found in the peripheral testosterone levels from flaccidity (4.1 ± 1.1 ng/mL) to tumescence (4.4 ± 1.4 ng/mL). No further increase in testosterone occurred during the phase of rigidity. From rigidity to detumescence, the peripheral testosterone levels dropped to 4.1 ± 1.2 ng/mL. Conclusions. Penile erection was found to be accompanied by a significant increase in cavernous and systemic testosterone plasma levels. The estimated difference between the systemic and cavernous testosterone levels during penile flaccidity, when blood flow through the cavernous body is minimized, might be a diagnostic tool to evaluate the amount of bioavailable testosterone and the activity of testosterone receptors in the corpus cavernosum smooth musculature.