Abstract
Caveolin-1 is a 22-kD trans-membrane protein enriched in particular plasma membrane invaginations known as caveolae. Cav-1 expression is often dysregulated in human breast cancers, being commonly upregulated in cancer cells and downregulated in stromal cells. As an intracellular scaffolding protein, Cav-1, is involved in several vital biological regulations including endocytosis, transcytosis, vesicular transport, and signaling pathways. Several pathways are modulated by Cav-1 including estrogen receptor, EGFR, Her2/neu, TGFβ, and mTOR and represent as major drivers in mammary carcinogenesis. Expression and role of Cav-1 in breast carcinogenesis is highly variable depending on the stage of tumor development as well as context of the cell. However, recent data have shown that downregulation of Cav-1 expression in stromal breast tumors is associated with frequent relapse, resistance to therapy, and poor outcome. Modification of Cav-1 expression for translational cancer therapy is particularly challenging since numerous signaling pathways might be affected. This review focuses on present understanding of Cav-1 in breast carcinogenesis and its potential role as a new biomarker for predicting therapeutic response and prognosis as well as new target for therapeutic manipulation.
Highlights
Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of plasma membrane with multiple biological functions
This review focuses on present understanding of Cav-1 in breast carcinogenesis and its potential role as a new biomarker for predicting therapeutic response and prognosis as well as new target for therapeutic manipulation
Caveolae play a role as membrane organizing hub and regulate endocytosis, transcytosis, molecular transport, cell adhesion, cell migration, and intracellular signal transduction. (Kiss 2012) In the striated pattern of caveolae, reside several proteins forming a coat of caveolae, which is known as caveolins
Summary
Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of plasma membrane with multiple biological functions. In a large meta-analysis, Ma et al demonstrated that diminished Cav-1 expression in stromal cells is significantly associated with poor breast cancer outcome (Ma et al, 2013). These data show that Cav-1 protein plays an important role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer through different cellular pathways.
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