Causes of Death in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Patients

Abstract

Background: The advancing evolution toward a Th2 immune environment confers a progressive immunosuppression in patients with longstanding cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The conjunction of the disease-related immunosuppression as well as the immunosuppressive character of some CTCL treatments increase the risk of infectious and neoplastic diseases, sometimes with fatal outcomes. Objectives: The aim of the study was to prospectively study the causes of death in a cohort of CTCL patients, in a tertiary university skin cancer center. Methods: All CTCL patients who died between 2008 and 2020 were included. The cause of the death was classified as directly or indirectly related or unrelated to CTCL. Results: Over the study period, 31 (13F/18<sc>m</sc>) patients with CTCL died (mean age: 75.2 years), mean delay between diagnosis and death: 3.2 years (min: 1, max: 12 years), 58.1% of death causes were classified as indirect (infection), 12.9% directly related (blastic transformation), 22.5% unrelated, and 6.5% of unknown cause. 51.6% of mycosis fungoides (MF) patients who died had early-stage disease (1A–2A) or were on remission. 45.2% of dead patients had advanced-stage MF (2B–4B). Mean CRP level is increased in patients who died from infection whereas LDH level increased in patients with blastosis. A tertiary center is expected to manage of a higher proportion of CTCL patients with advanced-stage disease. Conclusions: As infection represented more than 50% of the causes of death in CTCL patients, particular attention should be given to preventive measures such as anti-infective vaccination. Regular surveillance of CRP and LDH levels could be helpful for follow-up of MF patients, respectively, with regards to infection and blastosis.