Abstract
This study aimed to determine the causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Iranian children. In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, international (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and national (SID, Magiran) databases were searched for articles published through December 30, 2017. The quality of the studies was determined using the Hoy instrument. Out of 2,117 initial studies, 13 studies performed on a total of 3,596 children were included in the final stage of the study. Based on the results of the random effects method (95% CI), the main causes of chronic kidney disease in stages 1–4 (CKD) were CAKUT (37%) and glomerulonephritis (19.96%); in stage 5 (ESRD) they were CAKUT (40.82%) and urological disorders (27.44%). Considering the high prevalence of CAKUT, glomerulonephritis and urinary problems, the use of comprehensive approaches can be very effective in enhancing the knowledge of patients about the causes of kidney disease. The results obtained from the present study can assist policymakers in more accurately planning screenings of the causes of CKD in Iranian children.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the fastest growing chronic diseases, and today it is a major health problem worldwide [1]
This study aimed to identify the causes of CKD in Iranian children as an understudied population
In the sub-group analysis based on stages of CKD, the results showed in stages 1–4, CAKUT was the more prevalent cause of CKD and in stage 5 (ESRD), it was glomerulonephritis
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the fastest growing chronic diseases, and today it is a major health problem worldwide [1]. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study (2010), CKD shifted from the 36th leading cause of death in 1990 to the 19th leading cause in 2013 [2]. The care associated with advanced stages of CKD impose staggering costs upon healthcare systems, even in advanced countries. In the United States, 6.3% of the annual Medicare budget is spent on care for CKD patients [3]. Over 500 million people around the world suffer from CKD, with more than 80% of them living in developing countries [4]. There is no precise information about the global prevalence of CKD in children; studies show that in Europe, there are 11 to 12 cases per million of age-related population (pmarp) [5, 6]. CKD in children is associated with cardiovascular complications, and the identification of the causes, especially in children, help improve treatment and
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