Causes, Impacts and Policy Implications of Carbon Monoxide Air Pollution in Third World Countries

Abstract

Globally, countries are grappling with significant complications, notably air pollution and global warming. One of the hazardous substances contributing to this problem is carbon monoxide (CO), a deadly, odorless, and colorless gas released through both natural processes and human activities. Among developing nations, Guatemala has experienced rapid and dramatic urbanization over the last decades. As a result of this urbanization, a disturbing correlation exists between increased respiratory disease cases and the presence of carbon monoxide in the air. Guatemalans face a surplus of health issues due to air pollution, including asthma, upper respiratory disorders, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These health risks are not solely confined to urbanized areas but also extend into rural regions where Guatemalans use open fires inside their homes for cooking.
 Unfortunately, current laws governing air quality oversight and management in Guatemala are inadequate as they fail to safeguard and benefit the well-being of their people. To assess the extent of air pollution in Guatemala, the study measured carbon monoxide levels in parts per million (ppm) using EasyLog USB at various locations and Guatemala City, the nation's most populous urban city. Data was collected over six days, revealing alarmingly high levels of CO, specifically in densely populated areas with significant vehicular activity. The lack of proper ventilation systems and environmental regulations in these areas contributes to the persistence of elevated CO levels. This study's primary objective is to highlight CO poisoning issues in developing countries like Guatemala, emphasizing the urgent need for the national government to implement appropriate legislation and monitoring systems to mitigate its adverse effects. By taking decisive action, Guatemala can further reduce and protect its people from the detrimental impact of air pollution and ultimately work towards creating a healthier, more sustainable environment.