Causes and Management of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, a Review

Abutaleb, Atheer Ahmed H,Alabdullah, Walaa Abdulhadi,Alanood Khalid Alansari,Almojel, Shaden Abdulmohsin A,Alserehi, Fatimah Omar M,Amani Nabil Yamani,Banan Ali Ahmed Mahdi,Ghada Abdulhai Alhindi,Lamya Essa Alotaibi,Mazen Bishrah,Melebary, Talal Basheer,Saad Aied Saeed Abohasel,Salam Atif Sait,Tagwa Hassan Mabrouk Mustafa

doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i58a34122

Abstract

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is defined as two or more consecutive failed clinical pregnancies verified by ultrasound or histopathology. It is an important reproductive health issue, affecting 2%–5% of women. Up to one half of all cases of RPL have no identifiable cause. Etiology of the RPL is linked to several genetic, environmental, endocrinal, and anatomic factors which all will be discussed in this article. Treatment of RPL depends on the underlying cause behind it, and thus diagnosis and identifying of such factors plays major role into treating it. Lifestyle changes also is encouraged. Stress, smoking, drinking cessation, and weight loss can be all helpful. In this article we’ll be looking at RPL causes, and management.

Highlights

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is defined as two or more consecutive failed clinical pregnancies verified by ultrasound or histopathology
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a was one of these proteins, and lower levels of protein expression resulted in reduced Ishikawa cell motility, invasion, proliferation, and Jar spheroid attachment. These findings suggest that proteins linked to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may cause RPL
The prevalence of Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in women with RPL varies from as low as 6% to as high as 42 percent, it is widely recognised to be between 5% and 20% [20,21]

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is defined as two or more consecutive failed clinical pregnancies verified by ultrasound or histopathology. It is an important reproductive health issue, affecting 2%–5% of women. Women who have never given birth to a live baby have primary, recurrent pregnancy loss. Secondary RPL affects women who have already given birth to a healthy baby [1]. RPL known as recurrent miscarriage or habitual abortion, is defined as a series of pregnancy loses occurring prior to age of fetal viability. RPL should occur about once per 300 pregnancies, based on the prevalence of spontaneous pregnancy loss [2]. The risk of recurrent miscarriages increases with maternal age and previous miscarriages [3]. All pregnant women should be advised to quit smoking. the effect of smoking and quitting smoking on the risk of RM is unknown [3,4]

ETIOLOGY

TREATMENT

Findings

CONCLUSION