Causality between Sarcopenia and Depression: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

Abstract

Background: Numerous observational studies have suggested a correlation between sarcopenia and depression, but the nature of this relationship requires further investigation. Methods: This study employed bidirectional Mendelian randomization to explore this connection. Data from genome-wide association studies were used, encompassing measures of sarcopenia and mental factors, including depression and emotional states. The initial analysis concentrated on the impact of depression on sarcopenia, and then it examined the reverse relationship. The same methodology was applied to emotional data for validation. Results: The results indicated a reciprocal causation between sarcopenia and depression, even when emotional state data were considered. Various emotions can impact sarcopenia, and in turn, sarcopenia can affect emotions, except subjective well-being. These findings highlight a cyclic deterioration between sarcopenia and depression, with a link to negative emotions and a partially ameliorative effect of subjective well-being on sarcopenia. Conclusions: In summary, this study sheds light on the interplay between psychiatric factors and sarcopenia, offering insights into intervention and prevention strategies.