Abstract
A new simple qubit model of black hole evaporation is proposed. The model operates on four qubits and is defined in terms of quantum gates and a quantum circuit. The chief features of the model include explicit unitarity and (most notably) causality which is understood as the impossibility of the transfer of information from the interior of the black hole through its horizon. The corresponding von Neumann entanglement entropy yields a crude (four-qubit) approximation of the Page curve.
Highlights
The black hole (BH) information paradox is a problem concerning difficulties with the unitarity of the process of BH evaporation and evolution
We can find numerous qubit models more or less successfully reproducing various steps involved in BH evolution
The scenario with the gradual release of information during BH evaporation suggests the following subscenarios: Information passes through the BH horizon
Summary
The black hole (BH) information (loss) paradox is a problem concerning difficulties with the unitarity of the process of BH evaporation and evolution (see e.g. Hawking [9], or reviews Chakraborty and Lochan [4], Harlow [8], Polchinski [16], Marolf [10]). Plumberg [13], Osuga and Page [14], or review Avery [1]) It seems that in all these models the important issue of causality has not attracted due attention, and the possibility of faster-than-light communication has not been explicitly excluded. The scenario with the gradual release of information during BH evaporation suggests the following subscenarios: Information passes through the BH horizon. In principle, this is the most obvious possibility, but in consequence information seems to be permanently locked inside the BH (and possibly lost), or faster-than-light communication should be invoked for its release (information cannot escape the BH horizon without traveling faster than light). This is the point of view assumed in this paper
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