Causal Relationship between Parkinson’s Disease with Heart and Vascular Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and myocardial infarction (MI), atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF), and venous thromboembolism (VTE) by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: By using data from publicly available genome-wide association studies from databases, single nucleotide polymorphisms were screened as instrumental variables, and the MR analysis was finished by inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-egger, weighted median methods. Results: The primary IVW method showed a negative association between genetically predicted PD and risk of MI (OR = 0.9989; 95% CI: 0.9980–0.9998; p = 0.02). However, PD was not significantly associated with AF or VTE. Conclusion: This study suggests a negative association between PD with MI, which implies that PD has a protective effect on MI.