Caulerpa lentillifera (Sea Grapes) Improves Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health of Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.

Sunil K Panchal,Marwan E Majzoub,Lindsay Brown,Torsten Thomas,Ryan Du Preez

doi:10.3390/metabo10120500

Sunil K Panchal, Marwan E Majzoub + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10120500

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Abstract

Caulerpa lentillifera (sea grapes) is widely consumed in South-East Asia as a low-energy food with high contents of vitamins and minerals. This study investigated dried sea grapes containing 16.6% insoluble fibre commercially produced in Vietnam as an intervention. We hypothesised that insoluble fibre is the primary metabolite that will reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (n = 48) were randomly allocated to four groups in a 16 week protocol. Two groups were fed either corn starch (C) or high-carbohydrate, high-fat (H) diets for the full 16 weeks. The other two groups received C and H diets for eight weeks and then received C. lentillifera added to these diets for the final eight weeks (CCL and HCL, respectively). High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats developed obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, fatty liver disease and increased left ventricular collagen deposition. C. lentillifera supplementation in HCL rats decreased body weight, systolic blood pressure, plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids, inflammatory cells in heart and liver, and visceral adiposity. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio decreased in the gut microbiota of HCL rats. Therefore, C. lentillifera attenuated cardiovascular and metabolic symptoms of metabolic syndrome in rats, possibly by preventing infiltration of inflammatory cells together with modulating gut microbiota.

Highlights

Seaweeds are an important source of macronutrients and micronutrients, especially in East and South-East Asia as a major part of the traditional diet [1,2]
Metabolites 2020, 10, 500 been investigated for the prevention or reversal of metabolic syndrome [7], defined as a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, fatty liver and glucose intolerance [8]. Decreases in these cardiometabolic risk factors have been reported for C. lentillifera, especially improved glucose metabolism and reduced inflammation, which are key symptoms of metabolic syndrome, but no study has examined the responses of C. lentillifera on the range of symptoms that constitute diet-induced metabolic syndrome
Akkermansiaceae was detected in H rats supplemented with C. lentillifera (24.33%) compared to control samples from both diets (C, 13.98%, p = 0.0075; H, 8.90%, p < 0.0001) (Figure 3C)

Summary

Introduction

Seaweeds are an important source of macronutrients and micronutrients, especially in East and South-East Asia as a major part of the traditional diet [1,2]. Known as “sea grapes” [5], grown commercially in ponds and consumed in the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam, contains proteins, minerals, dietary fibre, vitamins, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids [6]. Metabolites 2020, 10, 500 been investigated for the prevention or reversal of metabolic syndrome [7], defined as a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, fatty liver and glucose intolerance [8] Decreases in these cardiometabolic risk factors have been reported for C. lentillifera, especially improved glucose metabolism and reduced inflammation, which are key symptoms of metabolic syndrome, but no study has examined the responses of C. lentillifera on the range of symptoms that constitute diet-induced metabolic syndrome.

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