Abstract
The caudal skeleton of galaxiid fishes typically comprises a composite main ural centrum (PUI + Ul), an additional small ural centrum U2, a parhypural and five separate hypurals, one epural and two uroneurals; caudal neural and haemal spines are usually broadly flattened. However, there is wide variation within and among species in various of these basic details, including fusion/loss of ural centrum U2; varied fusion of hypural elements; loss of flattening in caudal neural and haemal spines; variation in number of neural arches and form of neural spines on caudal vertebrae; even the number of parhypurals varies. An opisthural is present, defining the upper limits of the principal caudal rays which typically number 16.
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