Abstract
The identification of the earliest evidence for wine production in the Neolithic period of Caucasia has shown that alcohol was an important product from the earliest phases of the agricultural revolution. The region’s rich biodiversity, particularly its horticultural resources, opens up the possibility of alcohol being developed from a variety of sources. This paper provides a brief discussion of the archaeological evidence for alcohol from different resources in Caucasia from the Neolithic through Early Bronze Age and considers what developments might have led to one form of alcohol being favored over another. Archaeological case studies, in particular those of the Kura-Araxes Culture of the mid-fourth and third millennia BCE, explore the role that alcohol played in these early societies.
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