Abstract
Background: The South Asian population have greater cardiovascular risk than their age-matched Caucasian counterparts, characterized by unfavorable biomarkers. South Asians may also be partially resistant to the pleiotropic benefits of physical activity on cardiovascular health. There is a current absence of studies that compare markers of cardio-metabolic health between Caucasians and South Asians employing resistance exercise. This study set out to compare the response in biomarkers of cardio-metabolic health in Caucasians and South Asians in response to resistance exercise.Methods: Caucasian (n=15, 25.5 ± 4.8 yrs) and South Asian (n=13, 25.4 ± 7.0 yrs) males completed a 6-week progressive resistance exercise protocol. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, and their product insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TRIGS), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), asymmetric dimythylarginine (ADMA), L-arginine (L-ARG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were established at baseline and following resistance exercise.Results: There were significant improvements in fasting glucose, TC, LDL, HDL and VEGF in both groups following resistance exercise (p<0.05, for all). No change was observed in insulin, HOMA-IR, TRIGS, ADMA, L-ARG following resistance exercise (p>0.05, in both groups). CRP increased in the South Asian group (p<0.05) but not the Caucasian group (p>0.05)Conclusions: The cardio-metabolic response to resistance exercise is comparable in young Caucasian and South Asian males though inflammatory response to exercise may be prolonged in South Asians.
Highlights
Diseases that centre on the cardiovascular (CVD) and glycolytic systems are primary contributants to annual global mortality, accounting for approximately 17.7 million and 1.6 million deaths in 2015, respectively (WHO, 2017a; WHO, 2017b)
Higher systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) with regional obesity of the abdomen is another aspect of cardio-metabolic disease that contrives to increase CVD in South Asian (SA) when compared with CAUCs
No difference was observed in fasting TRIGS, insulin, L-ARG, asymmetric dimythylarginine (ADMA), or IR following resistance exercise (RES) in any group, with no apparent discrepancy between groups
Summary
Diseases that centre on the cardiovascular (CVD) and glycolytic systems are primary contributants to annual global mortality, accounting for approximately 17.7 million and 1.6 million deaths in 2015, respectively (WHO, 2017a; WHO, 2017b). There is considerable heterogeneity of CVD prevalence across racial groups, where the immigrant South Asian (SA) community of the United Kingdom have an approximate 50–100% elevation in cardio-metabolic risk compared with the general population (Wild et al, 2007). This translates to an estimated 5.3 year earlier occurrence of CVD in SAs when compared with their Caucasian (CAUC) counterparts (Hughes et al, 1989). This study set out to compare the response in biomarkers of cardio-metabolic health in Caucasians and South Asians in response to resistance exercise. CRP increased in the South Asian group (p0.05) Conclusions: The cardio-metabolic response to resistance exercise is comparable in young Caucasian and South Asian males though inflammatory response to exercise may be prolonged in South Asians
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